Type 1 Diabetes
Expert Diabetes Care
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin, a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is often associated with lifestyle factors, T1DM is primarily an autoimmune disorder.
- Autoimmune disorder: The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
- Insulin dependency: People with T1DM must rely on insulin therapy to manage their blood glucose levels.
- Onset: Although previously believed to primarily affect children and adolescents, T1DM can occur at any age.
🪧 Symptoms 🪧
- Frequent urination: Due to high blood sugar levels
- Excessive thirst: The body tries to compensate for fluid loss
- Extreme hunger: Even though glucose is available in the blood, the body cannot use it properly.
- Unintended weight loss: The body starts to break down fat and muscle for energy.
- Fatigue and weakness: Insufficient glucose in the cells leads to energy depletion.
- Blurred Vision: High blood sugar levels can cause fluid to be pulled from the lenses of the eyes.
Screening for T1DM
- Family history: Individuals with a first-degree relative (parent, sibling) with T1DM are at higher risk.
- Autoimmune diseases: People with other autoimmune conditions, such as celiac disease or autoimmune thyroid disease, should be considered for screening.
🧪 Diagnosis 🧪
- Blood Tests: Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood tests measuring blood sugar levels, including:
- Fasting blood sugar test: Measures blood glucose after an overnight fast.
- A1c Test: Reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
- Random blood sugar test: Measures blood glucose at a random time.
- Autoantibodies testing: Detects specific autoantibodies often present in T1DM before symptoms appear.